The recent study on ADHD diagnosis rates in England reveals a concerning trend: despite a rise in diagnoses, the condition remains significantly underdiagnosed, particularly among older adults. This discrepancy highlights the ongoing challenge of accurately identifying and treating ADHD, which can profoundly impact various aspects of an individual's life.
The research, conducted by a team from UCL, the University of Liverpool, and King's College London, analyzed data from over 3.5 million people registered with GP practices in England in 2025. The findings indicate that while 1.19% of people in England had an ADHD diagnosis in their primary care record, this figure falls short of international estimates of actual ADHD prevalence, which typically range between 3% and 5%. The gap is most pronounced in older adults, with only 0.05% of men and women over 65 diagnosed with ADHD.
This under-diagnosis is not merely a statistical anomaly but has real-world implications. ADHD can significantly impact education, work, and relationships, and often co-exists with other neurodevelopmental conditions. When left undiagnosed or unsupported, individuals may struggle for years without understanding the challenges they face.
The study's lead author, Dr. Amber John, suggests that the low rates in older adults may reflect historical differences in recognition and access to diagnosis, especially among generations who grew up before ADHD was widely recognized. This highlights the need for tailored approaches to diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the unique challenges faced by different age groups.
The findings also challenge the narrative of overdiagnosis, as the study's co-author, Dr. Georgia Pavlopoulou, notes that ADHD is being under-recognized, particularly in groups that do not fit traditional stereotypes, including older people, women, and those from minoritised ethnic communities. This under-recognition can lead to a lack of appropriate services and support, exacerbating the challenges faced by these individuals.
The study's limitations, including the use of diagnosis and prescription codes recorded in primary care data, and the potential for misclassification of diagnoses, underscore the need for further research and a more nuanced approach to ADHD identification and treatment. The authors emphasize the importance of culturally responsive, gender-informed, and equitable support to address the disparities in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
In conclusion, the study highlights the ongoing struggle to accurately diagnose and treat ADHD in England, particularly among older adults and those from diverse backgrounds. It underscores the need for a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to ADHD care, ensuring that all individuals receive the recognition and support they need to lead fulfilling lives.
